Ussuri

Ussuri represented Hurka Jurchen bands along the Ussuri and its tributaries, with a seat at Alchan on a tributary of the Bikin. These forest communities lived by hunting and fishing east of the Songhua.

After 1403 Ming envoys organised riverine tribes into guards under the Nurgan commission, established on the lower Amur in 1409 and abandoned in 1435. Between 1596 and 1625 Nurhaci's campaigns brought most of these groups under Later Jin rule; some clans remained outside the banners and became Udege and Nanai peoples.