Arminianism

Jacobus Arminius (1560–1609) studied under Calvin's successor Theodore Beza but rejected unconditional election. For Arminius, God's election was of believers, conditional on faith, and grace could be resisted.

After his death his followers set out their views in the Five Articles of Remonstrance (1610) and were called Remonstrants. The Synod of Dort of 1618–19 condemned them as heretics; Holland officially tolerated them again about twelve years later.