Miaphysitism

Miaphysitism follows the formula of Cyril of Alexandria, the champion of the Council of Ephesus in 431, and rejects the Council of Chalcedon of 451, which spoke of two natures. Most bishops of Alexandria, Antioch and Armenia refused Chalcedon.

The Oriental Orthodox churches that followed them were the Coptic Church of Egypt, the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Armenian Apostolic Church, together with the Ethiopian Church. In 1337 the Ethiopian empire was the greatest Miaphysite power, and the faith was also held in the Armenian kingdom of Cilicia, which fell to the Mamluks in 1375.

The Ethiopian Church held out against Rome. The Jesuits won Emperor Susenyos to Catholicism, but he gave up the throne in 1632 and his son Fasilides restored the old faith and expelled them in 1633.