Yessentuq

Yessentuq lies near the Podkumok and Bugunta rivers at the foot of the Caucasus, where mineral springs rise from the ground. A Russian frontier redoubt was built on the Essentuchok in 1798, and a Cossack post remained after the line advanced. In 1825 the stanitsa of Yessentukskaya was founded by 235 Cossack families. Two years earlier the physician Aleksandr Nelyubin had examined and numbered the mineral springs, including those later known as No. 4 and No. 17.