Nándiān

Nandian lies among the river valleys southwest of Tengchong. Its Tai chiefs held a hereditary domain that became entangled in the struggle between the Ming and the powerful rulers of Luchuan. In 1437 the chief Dao Gonghan appealed to the Ming court after Si Renfa of Luchuan seized hundreds of villages under his authority. Nandian's rulers aided the later Ming campaigns against Luchuan and were elevated to the rank of pacification commissioners.