Língshuǐ

Língshuǐ lies on the southeastern side of Hainan, between the island's mountainous interior and the sea. Established as a county under the Sui in 610, it later came under the administration of Qióngzhōu. During the Zhengtong reign of the Ming, its seat moved to the fortified post of Nánshān. In the sixteenth century Li communities in the broader Língshuǐ and Wànzhōu region took part in uprisings against Ming rule, drawing military campaigns into the island's rugged interior.