Jíníng

Jining was the Jin and Yuan city of Jininglu on the Mongolian frontier, at the site called Tuchengzi. Founded under the Jin and reused by the Yuan, it served exchanges between the Mongolian grasslands and markets in Hebei and Shanxi. A Confucian temple-school stele dated 1312 names the Jining administration.

The city enclosed a substantial commercial quarter beside the crossroads leading toward its western gate. Finds include large quantities of coins, stored ceramics and fine silk textiles; one fabric bears the name of the Jininglu darughachi's administration. Offices, streets and goods together made it a prosperous frontier town, until it was destroyed in warfare.