Luxemburg

The House of Luxembourg descended from the dukes of Limburg-Arlon; Henry V inherited Luxembourg through his mother Ermesinde in 1247. Henry VII became king of the Romans in 1308 and emperor in 1312, dying in Italy in 1313. His son John the Blind married Elisabeth of Bohemia in 1310, gaining the Bohemian crown, and vassalized Silesia's Piast dukes in 1327-1335.

John's son Charles IV took the imperial throne in 1346, issued the Golden Bull of 1356 and acquired Brandenburg in 1373. His son Wenceslaus was deposed in 1400; Wenceslaus' brother Sigismund recovered the throne, ended the Western Schism in 1417 and became emperor in 1433.

Sigismund died without male heirs in 1437, ending the senior line; his daughter Elisabeth brought the inheritance to her Habsburg husband Albert V of Austria. Luxembourg fell to the Habsburgs in 1443; the last known male, George, died in 1457.