Bone

Bone was the leading Bugis kingdom of the southern peninsula of Sulawesi, centered on Watampone. Tradition credits ManurungngE Rimatajang with founding the line around 1330, and its rulers bore the title Arumpone. It grew under early fifteenth-century rulers such as La Umasa, and in the early sixteenth century fought Luwu for the Cenrana River mouth, a trade outlet.

In 1582 it joined Wajo and Soppeng in the Tellumpocco'e alliance, the Three Summits, to check Gowa and Tallo, but a Gowa invasion in 1611 forced Bone to accept Islam. Its greatest ruler, Arung Palakka, La Tenritatta, allied with the Dutch admiral Cornelis Speelman; the fall of Makassar in 1669 made Bone the overlord of South Sulawesi.

It kept that standing until the British interlude of 1814 and the Dutch return in 1816. Dutch attempts to make it a vassal met armed resistance in 1824.