Simsir

Simsir was a Nakh kingdom in the mountain gorges of the northern Caucasus. Its Christian rulers were tributaries of the Golden Horde in the fourteenth century.

During the Horde's civil war, Prince Gayur-khan defeated Mamai in 1362 and made Simsir independent. He later backed Tokhtamysh against Timur, whose army defeated their forces on the Terek in 1395. Timur devastated Simsir that year, driving its people into the mountains; the survivors abandoned princely rule for clan councils.