Livonia

Livonia was the Baltic state of the Livonian Order, an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order. In 1337 Land Master Everard von Monheim ruled its castles alongside the archbishop of Riga and other bishops.

The St. George's Night revolt was suppressed in 1343, and the Order bought Danish Estonia in 1346. Its masters joined the Livonian Confederation in 1435. During the Livonian War, Muscovy won at Ergeme in 1560; in 1561 the last master, Gotthard Kettler, secularized the Order and founded Courland and Semigallia, while Sweden, Denmark and Lithuania divided the rest.