Teutons

The Teutonic Order was a military religious order whose Baltic state was ruled from Marienburg. In 1337 Grand Master Dietrich von Altenburg led the order, which held Prussia and a Livonian branch.

In 1410 a Polish-Lithuanian army shattered its forces at Grunwald. The Thirteen Years’ War ended with the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466: western Prussia passed to Poland and the rest became its fief. In 1525 Grand Master Albert secularized that remainder as the Lutheran Duchy of Prussia; the Livonian branch dissolved in 1561 to 1562.