Kedah

Kedah was a Malay polity on the Malay Peninsula. The Kedah Annals' traditional genealogy places Ibrahim Shah on its throne in 1337, although the early chronology of its sultans is disputed.

Scholars place Kedah's conversion to Islam around 1474, when it sought Malacca's nobat band and accepted its overlordship against Ayutthayan pressure. Aceh carried off Sultan Sulaiman Shah in 1619. Kedah leased Penang and Province Wellesley to the British East India Company in 1786 and 1800; Siam invaded in 1821, sending its sultan into exile.