Constans II

Constans II (630–668), son of Constantine III, was crowned Byzantine co-emperor in 641 and became sole emperor after Heraklonas was deposed later that year.

Egypt was lost in 642, and in 655 the Arabs crushed his fleet at the Battle of the Masts. His Typos of 648 forbade debate over Christ's natures, and in 653 he had Pope Martin I exiled.

In 663, after campaigning against the Lombards in Italy, he became the first emperor to visit Rome since 476. He was murdered in his bath at Syracuse by his chamberlain in 668 and was succeeded by his son Constantine IV.