Vedānta

Vedānta traditions offered different readings of the Upanishads, the Brahma Sūtras and the Bhagavad Gītā. Vallabha, who lived from 1479 to 1531, founded the pure non-dualist tradition, while Chaitanya, who lived from 1486 to 1534, inspired a tradition of inconceivable difference and non-difference.

The non-dualist Madhusūdana Sarasvatī, a devotee of Krishna, wrote the Advaitasiddhi in reply to a dualist critique; dualist scholars then answered his work.