Ṣafavī

The Safavid order passed through the family of Safi al-Din after his death in 1334. Under Junayd and Haydar in the fifteenth century, it became a militant movement supported by Qizilbash followers, while its leaders claimed spiritual and political authority.

In 1501 Haydar's son Ismail captured Tabriz and became shah, establishing the Safavid dynasty. He proclaimed Twelver Shiism the state religion and brought scholars from Syria and Lebanon to help establish it.