Ḥanbalī

The Ḥanbalī scholar Ibn Taymiyya, born in Harran in 1263, taught in Damascus and challenged practices associated with the veneration of saints. His disputes with scholars and rulers led to repeated imprisonment before his death in 1328.

In eighteenth-century Arabia, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab drew on aspects of Ibn Taymiyya's teaching and joined with the house of Saud. The rise of his reform movement brought major changes to the Hanbali school.