Institutionalized Arminianism

Arminianism was one of the first structured Protestant responses to Calvinist predestination. Its followers, the Remonstrants, were condemned at the Synod of Dort in 1618–19, and Arminians across Holland were imprisoned, banished or sworn to silence.

About twelve years later Holland officially granted the movement protection as a religion, though hostility with the Calvinists continued. Some early Remonstrants, such as Philipp van Limborch, moved towards rationalism.