Gnosticism

Gnosticism is the name given to a family of movements, fully developed by the mid-second century. Gnostics generally held that the material world was made by a flawed demiurge, not by the hidden supreme God.

Later dualist Christians echoed this view. The Bogomils taught that matter was Satan's work, and the Cathars, who derived from them, taught that souls were spirits trapped in flesh.