Du'a Ngga'e

The Lio, the people of the Ende-Lio region in central Flores, say that their first men came down from Mount Lepembusu, and each village was led by chiefs called mosalaki. Above all stood Du'a Ngga'e, the supreme god, to whom offerings were made in the ritual ground called kanga, around a standing stone. Below him were Nitupa'i, the most feared of the spirits, and the ancestors, who had to be honoured.

Each year after the field rite ka po'o the mosalaki and farmers shared a meal to feed the ancestors and ward off pests and disease. From the sixteenth century the spice trade brought Indian and Portuguese influence to Flores, and the Lio later turned mostly to Catholicism and Islam.