Todi

Todi crowns a hill above the eastern bank of the Tiber. Ancient Tuder stood on the frontier between Umbrian and Etruscan lands and issued coins bearing its own name. The later city retained its commanding position above the valley, with churches and civic buildings gathered on the heights.

Todi's later medieval history was marked by factional struggles and shifting relations with the papacy. In 1392 Pope Boniface IX granted it to Malatesta of Rimini; rebellion and further changes of lordship followed. In 1351 a local Monte di Pietà was founded. Braccio Fortebracci entered the city in 1416, and Francesco Sforza gained influence in the 1430s. The city secured confirmation of its laws and statutes, even as military commanders and papal authority contested control.