Tixtla

Tixtla lies in the southern Mexican highlands, where an enclosed agricultural valley connects with routes toward warmer country and the Pacific side of Mesoamerica. Maize cultivation supported local life, while varied elevations encouraged exchanges of crops, materials, and manufactured goods. Travel through the surrounding hills required established paths and knowledge of water and stopping places. The town's wider setting was therefore tied to both its productive valley and the connections leading beyond it.

Colonial rule brought new religious institutions and demands on Indigenous communities in the wider region. During Mexico's independence struggle Tixtla itself became a battleground: in 1811 insurgent forces led by José María Morelos took the town from royalists, who recovered it three years later. The valley's agricultural communities thus experienced a conflict extending across southern Mexico.

The later city of Chilpancingo lies here.