Tamiang
Tamiang lies on the eastern coast of northern Sumatra, where rivers from the interior reach the Malacca Strait. Local historical traditions recall a kingdom in this river country, between the Acehnese coast and the lands of Deli farther southeast. The region's place on the strait exposed it to the shifting authority of coastal powers, including Pasai and later Aceh, whose influence extended along the Sumatran shore.