Tafreš
Tafresh lies among the mountains of central Iran. The fourteenth-century writer Hamdallah Mustawfi described it in the Nuzhat al-Qulub as a place encompassing thirteen villages, with Fam and Tarkhuran among the largest. He recorded a tax assessment of 6,000 dinars and described its inhabitants as Twelver Shi'a. This account presents Tafresh as a cluster of settlements rather than simply a single modern town. The district later became associated with families who supplied writers and officials to Iran, particularly in the Qajar period. Its valleys and mountain routes linked local communities with the wider centres of central Iran.