Perbaungan
Perbaungan lies on the eastern plain of northern Sumatra, between the Batak highlands and the Malacca Strait. It became part of the Sultanate of Serdang, whose rulers maintained ties with local chiefs through marriage and alliances. Serdang emerged in the eighteenth century after a dispute over succession in neighboring Deli. Local leaders and an Acehnese representative supported Tuanku Umar as the first ruler of the new court.