Ovimbundu
The Ovimbundu inhabit the central highlands of Angola, a country of grasslands, hills and river valleys. Their Umbundu-speaking communities formed a number of kingdoms, among them Bailundu and Bié. These states stood along routes joining the interior to the Atlantic coast and to lands farther east. Caravans crossing the plateau passed through the territories of several rulers, who could demand dues for passage and protection.
References
- www.rahs-open-lid.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Central-Africa-to-1870_-Zambezia-Zaire-and-the-South-Atlantic-PDFDrive-.pdf
- www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/chronicles-of-bailundo-a-fragmentary-account-in-umbundu-of-life-before-and-after-portuguese-colonial-rule/585ECF1B441A1FD3BDD045EED9C78638