Osh

Osh lies at the eastern end of the Fergana Valley, beneath the five peaks of Sulaiman-Too. In medieval times it was one of the valley's largest cities, situated where routes across Central Asia met the roads into the surrounding mountains. The sacred mountain rose above its markets and gardens as a landmark for travellers. Caves, paths, rock carvings and places of prayer on its slopes bear witness to traditions combining older local beliefs with Islam.

Babur, the Timurid prince born in Fergana, described Osh and the mountain in his memoirs. He recorded building a small chamber on its eastern peak and mentioned a mosque between the mountain and the town. Generations of pilgrims ascended its paths to visit holy places associated with Solomon and seek blessings. The mountain's shrines and the life of the city below remained closely connected as rulers and caravans passed through the valley.