Mula

Mula belongs to the inland country of Murcia, where irrigated valleys and drier uplands supported farming, herding and local exchange. Water management helped sustain orchards and fields, while roads connected the town with neighbouring settlements and larger markets. Its fortified heights reflected the importance of defence and authority in a landscape shaped by both settlement and movement.

The infante Alfonso, later Alfonso X of Castile, captured Mula in 1244. King Ferdinand III granted the town the charter of Córdoba, establishing a basis for its municipal privileges. In 1430 Mula became a lordship of the Fajardo family. Conflict over local rights continued under the marquises of Los Vélez: the townspeople joined the Comuneros revolt in 1520, and the marquis built a fortress overlooking the town as an assertion of his authority.