Mpongwe

The Mpongwe occupied the Gabon estuary, where their clans controlled access between Atlantic traders and the peoples of the interior. Their commercial networks reached through the Remboué towards the Ogooué and Congo country. Chiefs and individual ship captains established trading relationships, while inland partners supplied goods carried towards the coast. In the second half of the eighteenth century, trade with Europe grew sharply, driven in large part by the traffic in enslaved people. The Agulamba clan was particularly well placed at the mouth of the Remboué, where goods arriving by river and overland could pass into the Atlantic trade.

The later city of Libreville lies here.