Mirandola

Mirandola was a fortified town on the broad plain north of Modena and the seat of the Pico family. Their small state endured for centuries as a county and later as a sovereign duchy. Its most celebrated son, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, became known across Renaissance Italy and beyond for his learning and philosophical ambition.

The fortress drew the attention of powerful neighbours. Pope Julius II besieged Mirandola in 1510, and another papal siege followed in 1551 under Julius III. The town remained in Pico hands until it was acquired by the Duchy of Modena in 1710. Four years later its castle was partly destroyed, a blow to a town whose history had been so closely tied to its ruling family and stronghold.