Mardankuyik
Mardan-Kuyik was a town of the Otrar oasis among the old channels of the Arys River. Its citadel and fortified shahristan formed the oldest part of the settlement. A fire damaged the town in the eighth century; later a rabat grew away from the citadel. Mardan-Kuyik remained a substantial town into the fifteenth century, though only part of the suburb was inhabited in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.