Lùchuān

Luchuan was a Tai principality in the river valleys of the Yunnan-Burma borderlands. Its rulers held influence across a wide region, bringing them into conflict with neighboring chiefs and the Ming court. Between 1436 and 1449 a series of campaigns culminated in the Ming general Wang Ji's three expeditions against Luchuan. The ruling Si family withdrew toward Mong Yang, while the defeated territory was divided among several local jurisdictions, including Mengmao, Nandian and Longchuan.