Kungur

Kungur stands where the Iren and Shakva meet the Sylva in the western Urals. It was first founded on the Kungurka in 1648, some distance above the Iren's mouth. Bashkir forces burned the town in 1662, and the following year it was rebuilt as a fortress at Mysovskoye. Leatherworking and shoemaking developed in the early eighteenth century; a tannery was built in 1724, and by mid-century Kungur was among the more populous settlements of the Urals.

The Perm administration of mining works moved to Kungur in 1759. The town also became an important stopping place on the Siberian road, with leather, rope and linseed oil among its products. In 1774 its inhabitants resisted a siege by Yemelyan Pugachev's Cossack forces. By the end of the eighteenth century the city had become a center of both transit trade and leather manufacture for the Perm region.