Kuāndiàn

Kuandian lies in the wooded uplands north of the Yalu River, on the eastern side of the Ming frontier in Liaodong. Six fortified settlements, known collectively as the Kuandian forts, stood in the country adjoining the Jianzhou Jurchens. Their lands became part of a frontier dispute as Nurhaci's power expanded. In 1619 a Ming army advancing toward Hetu Ala passed through the Kuandian area as one of several converging forces.