Kalâa of Ait Abbas
The Kalâa of Ait Abbas is a fortified mountain settlement in the Bibans of Kabylia. Its elevated position made it a refuge and a center of regional power. In the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the rulers of the Beni Abbas established a principality here, especially after the Spanish occupation of Béjaïa in 1510. The mountain stronghold remained a focus of Kabyle authority amid struggles with neighboring powers.