Ibiza

Ibiza commands a harbour on the island of the same name, its old upper town rising above the Mediterranean. Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Muslims and Christians all left traces here. In the sixteenth century the Spanish Crown transformed the town's defences to protect this strategic point on the sea routes between Spain and Italy. Italian engineers Giovanni Battista Calvi and Jacobo Paleazzo Fratin designed powerful bastions, enclosing the older streets within a new Renaissance circuit of walls.