Garmsīr

Garmsir occupied the warm lower Helmand country south of Kandahar. In the late Timurid period its fortunes were linked to the rulers and commanders of Kandahar, while the river valley connected this country with Sistan. After Shah Rukh's death in 1447, the wider Kandahar region, including Garmsir, suffered repeated assaults; Sultan Husayn Bayqara's commander Dhu'l-Nun Arghun was appointed to Kandahar in 1479 and restored order across the region.

Babur's campaigns brought another change in the early sixteenth century. After defeating the Arghun brothers around Kandahar, he occupied Garmsir along the Helmand, previously part of Shah Beg's dominions. Control of this river country formed one element of the contest over Kandahar, whose rulers depended on surrounding districts and routes as well as the fortified city itself.