Carlisle

Carlisle stands near the meeting of the Eden, Caldew and Petteril rivers, close to England's border with Scotland. Its castle and walls guarded a route through the western borderlands. For centuries the city faced raids and sieges as the two kingdoms fought for control of the frontier. During the Jacobite rising of 1745 Charles Edward Stuart's army captured Carlisle on its march into England. After the Jacobites retreated north, the Duke of Cumberland's government forces besieged the castle and retook it on 30 December. Many prisoners were held there, and several were executed the following year. The siege was the last in the castle's long military history.