Zayyanid

The Zayyanids, also called the Abd al-Wadids, were a Berber Zenata dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Tlemcen in the central Maghreb from 1235 to 1557. As the Almohad Caliphate collapsed, Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan made Tlemcen independent around 1236.

An eight-year Marinid siege of the city ended in 1307, and Zayyanid power reached a second peak in 1308–1337, until the Marinids occupied Tlemcen from 1337 to 1359. Restored under Abu Hammu II, the kingdom later weakened and passed repeatedly under the suzerainty of the Hafsids, the Marinids and Aragon.

In the early sixteenth century Spain and the Ottoman regency of Algiers fought over the city. The Ottomans took Tlemcen in 1551, and the last sultan Hasan al-Abdallah fled to Spanish Oran, where he died a few years later.