Trần

The Trần ruled Đại Việt from Thăng Long between 1225 and 1400. Descended from a fishing family of Fujian origin settled in the Red River Delta, the clan rose through marriage with the Lý imperial house; in 1225 Trần Thủ Độ arranged for the child empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng to cede the throne to his nephew Trần Cảnh, who became Trần Thái Tông.

The dynasty repelled three invasions by the Mongols, destroying the Yuan fleet at Bạch Đằng in 1288. The first chữ Nôm literature appeared, and improved gunpowder helped the Trần push south and reduce Champa to vassalage.

In 1337 Trần Hiến Tông held the throne, but later reigns faced succession crises and Cham counterattacks. In 1400 Hồ Quý Ly forced the last Trần emperor to abdicate; Later Trần resistance against the Ming occupation that began in 1407 ended in 1413.