Sutherland

The Sutherlands of the far north of Scotland traced their line to Freskin, a Flemish knight settled by David I. His grandson Hugh de Moravia received lands in Sutherland, and Hugh's son William became the first Earl of Sutherland; the family had taken the territorial surname by the fifteenth century.

The third earl fought at Bannockburn in 1314, and Earl Kenneth was killed at Halidon Hill in 1333. His son William was captured alongside David II at Neville's Cross in 1346 and killed in a feud with the Mackays in 1370.

In 1517 Countess Elizabeth Sutherland married Adam Gordon, and the earldom passed to the Gordon line. The Sutherlands backed the Hanoverian government in the Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745, helping defeat the rebels at Littleferry in 1746.