Phra Ruang

The Phra Ruang dynasty ruled Sukhothai, traditionally counted as the first Thai kingdom. In 1238 Bang Klang Hao revolted against the Khmer-backed rulers of Lavo and, taking the name Si Inthrathit, founded the kingdom and dynasty. Phra Ruang was a title borne by its kings.

Its greatest king was Ram Khamhaeng the Great, who reigned from 1279 to 1298: tradition credits him with establishing Theravada Buddhism and devising the Thai script, while ties with Yuan China brought the sangkhalok ceramic industry to Sukhothai. In 1337 the throne was held by Ngua Nam Thum, but Sukhothai had passed its peak.

In 1349, under Li Thai, Sukhothai was invaded by the rising Ayutthaya Kingdom and became its tributary. In 1438, after the death of Borommapan, Ayutthaya annexed it, though Sukhothai nobles kept influence at its court for centuries.