Neville

The Nevilles were survivors of the Anglo-Saxon aristocracy: their male line, the FitzMaldreds, kept lands in Durham after the Norman Conquest. Robert FitzMaldred married the heiress Isabel de Neville, bringing her Norman surname and estates to the family, whose seat was Raby Castle.

Ralph Neville became Baron Neville de Raby in 1295, and the house rivalled the Percys in northern England. His son Ralph crushed a Scottish invasion at Neville's Cross in 1346 and captured King David II. Raised to the earldom of Westmorland in 1397, the family included Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, the Kingmaker, who died at Barnet in 1471.

The Nevilles were central to the Wars of the Roses. Charles Neville, sixth Earl of Westmorland, led the failed northern rising for Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1569 and died in exile in 1601, ending the senior line; the Bergavenny branch continued.