Myinsaing

The Myinsaing dynasty takes its name from the Kyaukse valley town where three brothers, Athinkhaya, Yazathingyan and Thihathu, rose as commanders of the late Pagan kingdom. After the Mongol invasions shattered Pagan power in 1287, the brothers became the real rulers of central Burma, overthrew King Kyawswa in 1297, and drove off a second Mongol invasion in 1300—1301.

Thihathu, the youngest brother, crowned himself king and in 1313 founded a new capital at Pinya, claiming Pagan's legacy, while the chronicles treat Sagaing, built up by his son Saw Yun, as a junior branch of the same house. Pinya was weakened by rivalry between Uzana I and Kyawswa I and by Sagaing's formal secession in 1325.

Kyawswa I's reign of 1344—1350 briefly restored central authority, but raids by the Shan state of Maw sacked both Sagaing and Pinya in 1364. Thado Minbya, a great-grandson of Thihathu, seized the two ruined capitals and founded the Ava kingdom in 1365.