Kotromanić

The Kotromanić were the ruling dynasty of medieval Bosnia. Their first reliably attested member, Prijezda I, was a Hungarian vassal who became Ban of Bosnia around 1250, holding little beyond the valley of the river Bosna.

The family's fortunes rose under Stephen II, who defeated the Dalmatian Šubić family in 1322 and doubled Bosnia's territory from the Sava to the Adriatic coast. His nephew Tvrtko I succeeded in 1353, conquered lands from the Serbian Empire in 1373 and was crowned king of Bosnia and Serbia in 1377, claiming the legacy of the extinct Nemanjić dynasty.

After Tvrtko's death in 1391 the realm weakened. The last sovereign, Stephen Tomašević, briefly ruled as Despot of Serbia in 1459 and as King of Bosnia from 1461 until the Ottoman conquest of 1463 ended the dynasty's rule.