Jalayir

The Jalayirids were a dynasty of the Mongol Jalayir tribe, whose ancestors came west with Hulagu and by the fourteenth century had become largely Turkicized. As the Ilkhanate disintegrated after Abu Sa'id's death in 1335, Hasan Buzurg took Baghdad and the Ilkhanid lands of Iraq and western Iran, ruling at first through puppet Chinggisid khans.

Under his son Shaykh Uways, who reigned from 1356 to 1374, the sultanate reached its peak, controlling Iraq, Azerbaijan and parts of Iran. Its court became a centre of Persianate letters and book painting.

After Uways the dynasty weakened amid succession disputes, and from the 1380s it was battered by Timur and the Qara Qoyunlu. A short-lived restoration in southern Iraq and Khuzistan after Timur's death in 1405 could not save it; the Qara Qoyunlu extinguished the last Jalayirid rulers in 1432.