Portugal

The Portuguese House of Burgundy was founded by Henry of Burgundy, who received Portugal from Alfonso VI of León and married his daughter Teresa in 1096. Their son Afonso Henriques defeated his mother's party at São Mamede in 1128 and became king after Ourique in 1139; the pope recognized the kingdom in 1179.

Afonso III completed the reconquest by taking the Algarve in 1249. Denis I made Portuguese the language of the courts, founded the university that settled at Coimbra and fixed the Castilian frontier in 1297. Afonso IV ruled in 1337 and sent his army alongside Castile at the Río Salado in 1340.

Ferdinand I died in 1383 leaving his heiress Beatrice, wife of John I of Castile. The ensuing interregnum and fear of annexation ended at Aljubarrota in 1385, placing the illegitimate Aviz line of John I on the throne.