Artois

The Capetian House of Artois began in 1237, when Louis VIII of France gave Artois to his son Robert. Robert I died at Mansurah during the Seventh Crusade. His son Robert II was killed at the Battle of the Golden Spurs in 1302.

The succession passed to his daughter Mahaut against the claim of her nephew Robert III, convicted of forging his father's will and exiled in 1332. Robert took refuge with Edward III of England and urged his claim to the French throne, helping bring on the Hundred Years' War. Philip VI cited Edward's protection of Robert when he confiscated Guyenne in 1337.

Robert died of wounds after the retreat from Vannes in 1342. Artois passed through Mahaut's heiresses to the dukes of Burgundy in 1384 and was ceded to France by the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659.