Ahom

The Ahom dynasty was founded in 1228 by Sukaphaa, a Tai prince of Mong Mao, who crossed the Patkai hills into the Brahmaputra Valley and made Charaideo his capital in 1253. His descendants built a wet-rice kingdom on the upper Brahmaputra, absorbing Kamarupa lands and settlers into a state.

Under Suhungmung in the sixteenth century the kingdom reached its greatest expansion and the elite began converting to Hinduism. The dynasty repelled Mughal invasions: Mir Jumla sacked Garhgaon in 1662, but the Ahoms won at Saraighat in 1671 and fixed their western frontier at the Manas River after Itakhuli in 1682.

Gadadhar Singha founded the Tungkhungia branch, which ruled until the Moamoria rebellion shattered central authority after 1769. Burmese armies intervened from 1817, and the Treaty of Yandabo in 1826 handed Assam to the British East India Company, ending Ahom rule.