Pukina

The Pukina group includes the Chiribaya of the Peruvian coast, and the Charka and Yampara of the valleys of Chuquisaca in Bolivia. Puquina, often linked to the builders of Tiwanaku, survives mainly in a ritual book printed in 1607 by the Franciscan Luis Jerónimo de Oré.

The Chiribaya, fishermen and maize farmers of the Osmore valley, flourished until about 1360. Inca armies of Túpac Yupanqui conquered the Charka in the late fifteenth century. In 1538 Consara, the principal lord of the Charcas, told Hernando Pizarro's Spaniards of the region's mines, and La Plata was founded on Charka land the same year.